Brainstorm and discuss tone and mood words. Tell them that many times adjectives and repeating words indicate the tone of a document (how the author feels) and allow us to better understand how someone in the audience might have felt (mood).
Have students circle adjectives within the text and underline any words that repeat. Ask them for the context: Where is he giving the address? What happened there? Have the class brainstorm events leading up to the Gettysburg Address. Read the address aloud and then have them look for tiered vocabulary. Handout: The Gettysburg Address with Text, Context, and Subtext. Tier 3: Domain Specific Vocabulary - Words like emancipation, or other terms that the teacher expects them to define, that a book puts in bold, or something they might look up in a index, etc. Tier 2: Domain Crossers - Words they don’t use every day but know (e.g., irony, absurd). Tier 1: Common Everyday Speech - Words they use normally. Discuss the following with your students:. If students become stuck, post words and phrases and discuss as a whole class what they might mean. Students should attempt to reason out the meanings of words and phrases within the context of the text. Students may encounter vocabulary and phrases they are unfamiliar with. Gettysburg Address: Literary and Rhetorical Device Analysis (PDF). The VERY Short List of Lincoln’s Literary/Rhetorical Devices (PDF). Teacher Resource: The Gettysburg Address (PDF). The Gettysburg Address with Text, Context, and Subtext (PDF). It asks students to identify and explain how an author crafts and structures a text in order to frame central ideas. This lesson should be used within a larger Civil War unit. The teacher should provide more modeling for middle-level grades. Over the course of this lesson, students will examine text, context, and subtext, as well as the types of rhetorical devices that Lincoln employed in the Gettysburg Address. Through a step-by-step process, students will acquire the skills to analyze any primary or secondary source material. These resources were developed to enable students to understand, summarize, and analyze original texts of historical significance. #Text context and subtext series
This lesson is part of Gilder Lehrman’s series of Common Core State Standards–based teaching resources.
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